14.4 使用ThreadSaniiser向CDash报告数据争用 · cmake
# 14.4 使用ThreadSaniiser向CDash报告数据争用
**NOTE**:*此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-14/recipe-03 中找到,其中包含一个C++示例。该示例在CMake 3.5版(或更高版本)中是有效的,并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。*
在这个示例中,我们将重用前一个示例中的方法,但是使用ThreadSanitizer或TSan,结合CTest和CDash,来检查数据竞争,并将它们报告给CDash。ThreadSanitizer的文档可以在网上找到,https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerCppManual
## 准备工作
这个示例中,我们将使用以下示例代码(`example.cpp`):
```c++
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
static const int num_threads = 16;
void increase(int i, int &s) {
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
std::cout << "thread " << i << " increases " << s++ << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::thread t[num_threads];
int s = 0;
// start threads
for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
t[i] = std::thread(increase, i, std::ref(s));
}
// join threads with main thread
for (auto i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
t[i].join();
}
std::cout << "final s: " << s << std::endl;
return 0;
}
```
这个示例代码中,我们启动16个线程,每个线程都调用`increase`函数。`increase`函数休眠1s,然后打印并递增一个整数`s`。我们预计此示例代码将显示数据竞争,因为所有线程读取和修改相同的地址,而不需要任何显式同步或协调。换句话说,我们期望在代码末尾打印的最终`s`,每次的结果都不同。代码有bug,我们将尝试在ThreadSanitizer的帮助下识别数据竞争。如果不运行ThreadSanitizer,我们可能不会看到代码有任何问题:
```shell
$ ./example
thread thread 0 increases 01 increases 1
thread 9 increases 2
thread 4 increases 3
thread 10 increases 4
thread 2 increases 5
thread 3 increases 6
thread 13 increases 7
thread thread 7 increases 8
thread 14 increases 9
thread 8 increases 10
thread 12 increases 11
thread 15 increases 12
thread 11 increases 13
5 increases 14
thread 6 increases 15
final s: 16
```
## 具体实施
1. 文件`CMakeLists.txt`首先定义一个受支持的最低版本、项目名称、受支持的语言。在本例中,定义了C++11标准项目:
```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)
project(recipe-04 LANGUAGES CXX)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
```
2. 接下来,找到线程库,定义可执行文件,并将其链接到线程库:
```cmake
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
add_executable(example example.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example
PUBLIC
Threads::Threads
)
```
3. 然后,提供编译选项和代码,并链接到ThreadSanitizer:
```cmake
option(ENABLE_TSAN "Enable ThreadSanitizer" OFF)
if(ENABLE_TSAN)
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU)
message(STATUS "ThreadSanitizer enabled")
target_compile_options(example
PUBLIC
-g -O1 -fsanitize=thread -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fPIC
)
target_link_libraries(example
PUBLIC
tsan
)
else()
message(WARNING "ThreadSanitizer not supported for this compiler")
endif()
endif()
```
4. 最后,编译测试用例:
```cmake
enable_testing()
# allow to report to a cdash dashboard
include(CTest)
add_test(
NAME
example
COMMAND
$<TARGET_FILE:example>
)
```
5. ` CTestConfig.cmake`没有变化:
```cmake
set(CTEST_DROP_METHOD "http")
set(CTEST_DROP_SITE "my.cdash.org")
set(CTEST_DROP_LOCATION "/submit.php?project=cmake-cookbook")
set(CTEST_DROP_SITE_CDASH TRUE)
```
6. `dashboard.cmake `需要为TSan进行简单修改:
```cmake
set(CTEST_PROJECT_NAME "example")
cmake_host_system_information(RESULT _site QUERY HOSTNAME)
set(CTEST_SITE ${_site})
set(CTEST_BUILD_NAME "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}-${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
set(CTEST_SOURCE_DIRECTORY "${CTEST_SCRIPT_DIRECTORY}")
set(CTEST_BINARY_DIRECTORY "${CTEST_SCRIPT_DIRECTORY}/build")
include(ProcessorCount)
ProcessorCount(N)
if(NOT N EQUAL 0)
set(CTEST_BUILD_FLAGS -j${N})
set(ctest_test_args ${ctest_test_args} PARALLEL_LEVEL ${N})
endif()
ctest_start(Experimental)
ctest_configure(
OPTIONS
-DENABLE_TSAN:BOOL=ON
)
ctest_build()
ctest_test()
set(CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE "ThreadSanitizer")
ctest_memcheck()
ctest_submit()
```
7. 让我们以这个例子为例。通过`CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR`选项来设置生成器:
```shell
$ ctest -S dashboard.cmake -D CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR="Unix Makefiles"
Each . represents 1024 bytes of output
. Size of output: 0K
Each symbol represents 1024 bytes of output.
'!' represents an error and '*' a warning.
. Size of output: 0K
```
8. 在面板上,我们将看到以下内容:
![](https://www.51shaufen.com/uploads/202404/29/c0ac007db492b3f8.webp)
9. 我们可以看到更详细的动态分析:
![](https://www.51shaufen.com/uploads/202404/29/8dbed3a2ca0b8ce8.webp)
## 工作原理
该示例`CMakeLists.txt`的核心部分:
```cmake
option(ENABLE_TSAN "Enable ThreadSanitizer" OFF)
if(ENABLE_TSAN)
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES GNU)
message(STATUS "ThreadSanitizer enabled")
target_compile_options(example
PUBLIC
-g -O1 -fsanitize=thread -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fPIC
)
target_link_libraries(example
PUBLIC
tsan
)
else()
message(WARNING "ThreadSanitizer not supported for this compiler")
endif()
endif()
```
`dashboard.cmake`也需要更新:
```cmake
# ...
ctest_start(Experimental)
ctest_configure(
OPTIONS
-DENABLE_TSAN:BOOL=ON
)
ctest_build()
ctest_test()
set(CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE "ThreadSanitizer")
ctest_memcheck()
ctest_submit()
```
和上一个示例一样,我们也可以在本地查看ThreadSanitizer的输出:
```shell
$ mkdir -p build
$ cd build
$ cmake -DENABLE_TSAN=ON ..
$ cmake --build .
$ cmake --build . --target test
Start 1: example
1/1 Test #1: example ..........................***Failed 1.07 sec
0% tests passed, 1 tests failed out of 1
$ ./build/example
thread 0 increases 0
==================
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=24563)
... lots of output ...
SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race /home/user/cmake-recipes/chapter-14/recipe-04/cxx-example/example
```
## 更多信息
对使用OpenMP的应用TSan是很常见的,但是请注意,在某些情况下,OpenMP会在TSan下生成误检的结果。对于Clang编译器,一个解决方案是用`-DLIBOMP_TSAN_SUPPORT=TRUE`重新编译编译器本身及其`libomp`。通常,以合理的方式使用TSan可能需要重新编译整个工具堆栈,以避免误报。在使用pybind11的C++项目的情况,我们可能需要重新编译Python,并启用TSan来获得有意义的东西。或者,Python绑定可以通过使用TSan抑制而被排除在外,如 https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/threadsanitizersuppression 。例如:如果一个动态库同时被一个经过TSan的二进制文件和一个Python插件调用,那么这种情况可能是不可能使用TSan。
下面的博客文章讨论了如何添加对动态分析工具的支持:https://blog.kitware.com/ctest-cdash-add-support-for-new-dynamic-analysis-tools/